Legal Drinking Age Should It Be Altered - 1408 Words

Legal Drinking Age: Should It Be Altered? The legal drinking age has been an ongoing controversy for decades, consisting of people who are for lowering, raising, or keeping the age with multiple reasons behind each side. It is commonly known that consuming alcohol can have life-threatening effects on the human body, but these effects can be much harsher at a younger age. Reducing the age for eighteen year olds may result in senseless acts from the drug. Statistics prove that maintaining the legal drinking age at twenty-one will be a much safer environment for all. Though there may perhaps be equitable outcomes with lowering the age to eighteen, the people would benefit greatest if the age remained twenty-one. After acknowledging differing statistics and beliefs of whether the drinking age should be altered or remain twenty-one years of age, evidence verifies that the legal drinking age would be foremost at the remaining age. Several years have been spent contemplating on what to make the legal, minimum drinking age for the consumption of alcohol. There are countless reasons to why each person has a certain stand on this topic. Many have considered the thought of whether the age should be lowered to eighteen, remain twenty-one, or even raise the age above twenty-one. Lowering the age to eighteen years of age appeals to people because of the fact that many rights are given to individuals that they did not have prior to eighteen. At eighteen years old,Show MoreRelatedPositive And Negative Effects Of Drinking Alcohol1709 Words   |  7 Pagesthe consumption of alcohol but it can be said that drinking alcohol has both positive and negative effects. Controversy may arise between opposing sides that those below the age of twenty-one are not responsible enough to drink however are allowed a driving license or a driver’s permit. In the United States of America, society and lawmakers focus more on the negative impacts of alcohol consumption especially when it com es to who we allow drinking, and do not consider that teenagers are able to thinkRead MoreIncreasing The Legal Drinking Age Limit1502 Words   |  7 PagesIncreasing the Legal Drinking Age Limit According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), underage drinking is a leading public health problem in this country (NIH, 2016). The NIAAA also estimates that approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking (NIH. 2016). This includes about 1,900 deaths from motor vehicle crashes, 1,600 as a result of homicides, 300 from suicide (NIH. 2016). The National Minimum Drinking Age Act (NMDAA) wasRead MoreSociety s Attitude Towards The Drinking Age1294 Words   |  6 Pages Society’s attitude towards the drinking age has been a major controversy in the United States. The attitudes regarding the drinking age have been based off statistics and society’s varying opinion. Alcohol is a toxic depressant that has a damaging effect on the human body. As a result, to prevent excessive alcoholic consumption, the ratification of the 18th amendment took place from 1919 to 1939. This established the Prohibition Act, which banned the transportation, manufacturing and selling ofRead MoreMinimum Limited Drinking Age Law883 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum limited drinking age law in America was passed more than 30 years ago. Therefore, it needed to be altered to catch up with today’s world. Teenagers today are no longer the kind of teenager back in the 1980s. Now, they have access to information on the Internet, they were taught how alcoholic drinks affect to the body, they were supervised by their parents closely. Moreover, teenagers even have legal access to voting, driving, owning a car,...and they can be jailed up if they break the lawRead MoreDrinking Age Should Be Lowered1039 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Drinking age is already dangerous as is In recent discussions of the drinking age limit, people have always said that the drinking age limit should be lowered. Some may argue that alcohol is not bad and that it can actually be beneficially. Many people would want the drinking age limit to be lowered so that it is legal for young adults to drink. If the drinking age limit were to be lowered there would be a drastic difference in society. In my perspective I will argue that the drinking age limitRead MoreEssay on The Legal Drinking Age Should Be 181540 Words   |  7 Pagesminimum drinking age in this country sometimes seem ridiculous and unnecessary. In this paper, I will discuss why certain laws are unfair and I will provide alternatives to certain problems concerning underage drinking and binge drinking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let?s face it, no matter what laws the government enforces to cut down on underage drinking, it is commonplace and happens everywhere from grade school through high school and predominantly in college. The government is looking to stop teen drinking ratherRead MoreWhats the Appropriate Drinking Age?1256 Words   |  6 PagesWhat’s the Appropriate Age? Alcoholism has been a major problem in the world for hundreds of years. Most people that deal with alcoholism became alcoholics because they needed a quick and easy way to de-stress. After long days at work or arguments with family and friends, the first thing they do is start drinking to make their stress go away. No one wakes up and decides, â€Å"I’m going to become an alcoholic today.† No one wants to be an alcoholic but bad things happen. If you are not careful withRead MoreDrinking And Driving Should Not Be Taken Lightly1500 Words   |  6 Pages Drinking and Driving Have you or someone you know been personally affected by someone who was drinking and driving? If you have then you understand the seriousness of why this is a major problem and should not be taken lightly. Many people have the understanding that they should not drink and drive when they are sober, when they start drinking however, their opinions most of the time change. Alcohol distorts a person s judgement and allows their perception to be altered, people who are underRead MorePrescription Medications And Illicit Drugs Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesDrugs in the United States are a complex issue that ranges from legal, over-the-counter and prescription medications to illicit substances that are highly addictive. While many people have a legitimate need for medication to function on a daily basis, there are also many incidences where these potentially helpful drugs are abused. When legal medications are abused, they cause the same personal, social and economic problems as il licit substances. This paper will look at the use of both prescriptionRead MoreAlcohol abuse1512 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Alcohol abuse is also a serious medical and social problem, but is not the same as alcoholism. Alcohol abuse is the intentional overuse of alcohol, i.e., to the point of drunkenness. This includes occasional and celebratory over-drinking. Not all people who abuse alcohol become alcoholics, but alcohol abuse by itself can have serious medical effects. Overuse of alcohol is considered to be: More than 3-4 drinks per occasion for women. More than 4-5 drinks per occasion for men.

Individualism and the Cold War - 1513 Words

The main reason for the cold war was because the Americans could not accept the lifestyle that the Soviet Union decided to live as communists. The cold war was heavily routed in American individualism and trying to impose our values on the Soviets. Americans value individualism. They believe in a society that associated with capitalism, and a thriving economy. They also believe that everything is possible and attainable with hard work and determination. The main priority is being individualistic. This is to make sure that everyone is in control of the way their own life will turn out. Soviets that followed communist believed in â€Å"social organization.† They believe in equality and liberty through force. All property is public domain and each†¦show more content†¦Senator Joe McCarthy of Wisconsin was the person that was partially responsible for the fear instilled in American citizens thinking that communists lived among them. McCarthy appeared on television making countless accusations of many people ranging from politicians to actors. He made it a point to tell the citizens that the United States government was not properly dealing with communism. Although all these accusation were made, McCarthy was never able to adequately back up these claims. Aside from McCarthyism, which is now a term used for â€Å"unsubstantiated accusations,† the US Government set up a committee called the House Un- American Activities Committee (HUAC) to do investigations. One major case was the case against Alger Hiss. He was an American government official who was accused an tried for espionage and served a 5 year sentence. The creation of committees specifically dedicated to finding those that may be communist spies in the United States shows exactly how far the paranoia in our country went. McCarthy never had a single piece of evidence to expose the people he wrongfully accused but people were quick to jump and agree with him out of their own fear. McCart hy was able to convince thousands that what he was saying was true because of the status of his targets which made it more believable. Just because of all the mass hysteria that was happening overseas involvingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sylvia Plath s Daddy And Lady Lazarus 931 Words   |  4 Pageslife, however, she witnessed World War Two and the Cold War. Both of these events inimitably influenced her life and writing style, which can be observed in her works â€Å"Daddy† and â€Å"Lady Lazarus†, where she uses Holocaust imagery to draw connections between her life and the lives of the Jewish people held captive in concentration camps. Through her use of imagery she tackles personal and political issues encapsulating feelings of victimization, loss of individualism and fear for an impeding reoccurrenceRead MoreAn Era Of Great Conflict1375 Words   |  6 Pages(History.com Staff). In the 1950s, Tocqueville’s five characteristics of American Exceptionalism are invalidated; liberty was not attainable due to the Cold War policies like McCarthyism, racism, such as the massive resistance of integration, disproved egalitarianism, conformity, in the suburbs and women’s lives, throughout this decade refuted individualism, populism was belittled with the government’s little help for the Civil Rights Movement, and Laissez Faire Economics was replaced for a short timeRead MoreAnalysis Of Ayn Rand s The Fountainhead 1490 Words   |  6 Pagescreate philosophies to include in their novels, but Ayn Rand did. Ayn Rand used her philosophy in the main characters and influenced American society during the Cold War with her novel The Fountainhead. Through the actions of the protagonist Howard Roark, Ayn Rand demonstrates her philosophy of objectivism and her belief in individualism which reflect her opposition towards communism. Ayn Rand was born in St. Petersburg, Russia in 1905 under the name Alissa Rosenbaum (â€Å"Ayn†). Around the time ofRead MoreAmeric Land Of The Free, And Home1411 Words   |  6 Pageshome of the brave. People have often traveled long and far to live in a safe, and esteemed environment, when in reality the core values of America change as time goes by. Even though Americans often value individualism, patriotism, nationalism, and individual liberty, history has proven otherwise. Wars, social norms, rights restrictions, expectations and peer pressure have gotten in the way of the values that many believed highlighted America. The saying, ‘history repeats itself’ has haunted the futureRead MoreChanges in America Between 1920 and 1960 Essay1404 Words   |  6 Pagesof two major wars and a crash of the banking system that crippled the economy greater than ever seen in this country’s history. Also the country had new insecurities to tackle such as immigration and poor treatment of workers. These events led to the change of America lives socially, economically, and politically. The people of America changed their ideas of what the country’s place in the world should be. The issues challenging America led the country to change from isolation to war, depressionRead MoreThe Cold War : Lessons Learned938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War: Lessons Learned After World War II, continuing tensions between the United States of America and primarily, the Soviet Union caused the Cold War. The Cold War lasted from 1945 to 1991, the Cold War is defined as a bitter, typically non-military conflict between the two superpowers, the Soviet Union and America. The Soviet Union and the United States had contrasting views about most things, including political systems, economic systems and societal values. At the end of the Cold WarRead MoreHockey! The 1980 United States Olympic Hockey Team1438 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans defied all odds to defeat a juggernaut. Furthermore, it turned a nation that was on it’s heels into one that was on the attack-the U.S. had been taking flak during the Cold War but quickly became heroes after defeating the Soviets. Coupled with scandals such as Watergate, the Iranian hostage crisis, and the Cold War; the United States needed something to brighten their spirits. This team spurred much needed national pri de to our country and restored our faith even during the darkest of timesRead MoreThe Political System Of The United States1053 Words   |  5 Pagesfactors that attributed to America’s success, such as liberty, equality, individualism, nationalism, and capitalism. The political culture during the 1830s has changed over the years, yet in many ways it has stayed the same. On the other hand, the characteristics of American society has changed throughout the years. For example, in the 1960s the main characteristics were conformity, prosperity and fear of communism(6). The Cold War was a big issue in the 1960s, the U.S. was a big industrial country atRead MoreThe Civil War Has Changed The Country987 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of America, as a nation is connected through the wars it has entered and how these wars have irreversibly changed the country. â€Å"The Civil War made modern America†¦ [and] we remain connected to this war† (Suri, Lecture 1). This is bec ause the Civil War was an establishment of our nation’s beliefs and freedoms; fought to preserve the Union, this war shaped what America was and would become. The Civil War changed the notion of what liberty was, the transition from negative freedom to positiveRead MoreThe Is The Atomic Bomb Signaled Not Only The Commencement Of The Cold War1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe atomic bomb signaled not only the commencement of the Cold War, but also a political divide between the communist ideologies of the Soviet Union and the democracy of the Western world. A fear of communism behind the Iron Curtain and nuclear annihilation spread throughout the US, while existential views regarding the meaning of life arose. Through their texts, composers subverted dominant Cold War paradigms to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ATQ†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Samuel Beckett’s modernist existential play ‘Waiting for Godot (Godot) (1953)’

21st Century Leadership Complexity and Collaboration

Question: Discuss about the 21st Century Leadership for Complexity and Collaboration. Answer: Introduction The inception of management research transformed how leadership was perceived. The emergence of new managerial skills led to a new perspective on leadership. This was because, within management research, leadership was taken to be effective only if it resulted in higher economic output (Lorz, 2005). The objective of this study, therefore, is to provide a critical literature review on the topic of 21st century leadership. Lorze, (2005) note that there are numerous definitions of what is leadership. However, he identifies four elements which are persistent in all leadership definitions. These elements include; Integration of these components, therefore, results to the formulation of what can be termed as 21st century leadership definition. Leadership is the relationship process between the leaders, the followers, and the environment. It is an interaction process because it entails vision formulation on the basis of situational knowledge and unifying the followers to attain the vision (Lorz, 2005). According to Saee, (2005) the 21st century environment is featured by tremendous changes which have influenced how business is conducted. Advancement in telecommunication and availability of internet has contributed to rapid globalisation. As a result, the contemporary society is well interconnected through the internet; hence, a changed business environment which demands new competencies. Predicted Key Competencies for the 21st Century Leaders The key competencies for 21st century leaders are rooted in the organisational trends, global trends, and the follower trends. Each of the trends demands certain kind of competence. For example, organisation trends refer to the advancements that affect the core designs of the organisations and how they respond to the changing environment. Hence, leaders are evaluated not only on the basis of the profits they make for the organisation, but also on the ability to interact with stakeholders both within and externally of the organisation. Organisations thus demand a leader who can make it fit for the changing environment. Therefore, flexibility is a key competence predicted for the 21st century leaders. It is the utmost to aid the organisation to react to the shifting trends (Strock, 2010). To achieve it organisation leaders need to replace the network and hierarchies with structures that support flexibility. Global trends, on the other hand, refer to the trends that arise external of the organisation but have a significant impact on the organisational advancement, on the followers, and on the leaders. The influence of global trends leads to increased dynamism that affects almost every business process. Advancement of technology has further connected all stakeholders on a global standpoint. Internet availability has made information available hence increased levels of knowledge (Tice, 2007). Besides, this has intensified competition for cost efficient processes and creativity. Similarly, the quality and the cost of products and services can be compared with ease on the global platform. Hence, 21st leaders are expected to be innovative. They must have the ability to think creatively and to see beyond the immediate situation. Similarly, they must have the audacity to explore and integrate emerging trend to their organisations as well as to appreciate emerging and unexpected opportunities. Followers trends are mainly affected by both the global and organisations trends. Followers transform as the environment around them change. As a result of this change, followers become diverse. This diversity is further influenced by gender and culture as well as culture. Global and organisation trends enable followers to be knowledgeable. Therefore, 21st century leaders need to possess the exceptional intelligence to manage all the followers. Equally, they must have the ability to manage diverse people. The Difference between Classical Leadership capabilities and the 21st Century Leadership Capabilities In classical leadership, leaders were conceptualised as the well-educated professionals who understood organisation rules, and thus they managed their enterprises in hierarchical order. Hence, classical leadership is featured by autocratic leadership model which applies classical management style. In such leadership, a leader is a manager who is authoritarian. In addition, he/she is power-retentive, and all decisions are dependent on them (Dantzer, 2000). As a result, this kind of a leader heads the organisation alone and impacts it alone. This style of leadership, on the other hand, does not entertain consultations and entail issuing of orders and requests. Similarly, classical leadership is characterized by bureaucratic leadership approach. According to Perrin, et al., (2010), classical leadership approach emphasise adherence to stipulated administrative policies and procedures. Hence, it is marked by differential models of authority, division of administrative duties, and linear c areer path. Conversely, 21st century leadership is featured by leadership capabilities which are focused on replacing the classical leadership approaches. Hence, the leadership in the 21st century is marked by core capabilities such empowering, visioning, sensemaking, relating, and inventing, among others. In classical leadership approaches, only a limited amount of powers are delegated, this is done to ensure only the leader retain the control. However, in the 21st century leadership, leaders empower all those under them at all levels (Streat, 2012). Leaders also ensure transparency and accountability to enhance attainment of the organisations objectives. This is further boosted by the ability of the leader to make sense of the environment. Hence, in this model of leadership, a leader must be conversant with all that happen around the organisation. Leadership styles in the 21st century also acknowledge that a leader must have the ability to relate with and work through the other people. To achieve this, leader then must possess effective communication skills which will move the team members to commitment. Similarly, a 21st leader must have the ability to create a vision for the organisation. That is, he/she must identify what the organisation aims to achieve, what is possible, and how to attain the set objectives (Bersin, 2012). These demands call for a leader who is innovative. Innovation will be the key to achieving the set vision through creating processes and structures which will aid the team to work towards the vision. Underlying Causes of Changes in Leadership Capabilities Longwell-McKean, (2012) argues that the changing trends are transforming how, where, and with whom the business is conducted with. Technological and telecommunication advancement have made business environment highly competitive. Therefore, change seems the most natural thing to fit in the 21st century business environment. Similarly, the needs and the knowledge of the customer is rapidly evolving due to globalisation; therefore, any organisation willing to remain relevant must change to meet the demands of their customer. Davis, (2012) affirms that the underlying cause of change to leadership capabilities include external drivers like technological and telecommunication advancement, Availability of information, and changing business environment, globalisation, diversity, and downsizing. Analysis of 21st Century Leadership The 21st century is characterised by rapid technological advancement, development of a global economy, and increasing cultural diversity. Hence, leadership competencies have changed to adapt to these changes. As a result all scholars who have indulged in the management research agree that leaders have an obligation of identifying vision, formulating strategies and mobilising both financial and human resources to attain the vision. Besides, leaders monitor both the external and the internal environment of the organisation to align the organisation vision and the means to attain it. This approach is present in both classical leadership styles and the 21st leadership approach. However, in the 21st century leadership have been transformed into teamwork, where decisions are made in collaboration (Davis, 2012). In addition, this study has established that extensive research has been done on this subject of 21st leadership. However, researches indicate that leaders in the private sector are rated higher in leadership competencies than those in public sector. Dantzer, (2000) argues that the disparity result from different perception of which leadership competencies are the most critical in each sector. This fact, therefore, indicates a research gap in which both sectors can share leadership competencies in the 21st century. Therefore, a study should be launched to identify these competencies considering the same external drivers influence both sectors. Conclusion The 21st century leadership demands creative thinking on ways to solve the current global challenges. According to George, (2010) leaders must establish innovative approaches to deal with the complexities facing the organisations and the business environment today. To achieve the adaptability needed for the current challenges leaders must appreciate collaborative thinking. As acknowledged earlier, the 21st century leadership is featured by interdependence and interconnection of both the internal and external drivers which has changed the business environment. As a result, new competencies are demanded to address the emerging complex global issues. This research, therefore, recommends that there is urgent need to retrain leadership candidates both in the private and the public sectors on new emerging competencies. The study has further identified communication, visioning, teamwork, ability to learn, and cosmopolitan view of the world as the most critical competencies the 21st century leadership candidates must be trained on References Battilana, J., Gilmartin, M., Sengul, M., Pache, A. C., Alexander, J. A. (2010). Leadership competencies for implementing planned organizational change. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(3), pp. 422-438. Bersin, J. (2012). What Makes a 21st Century Leader? [online] Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20121016203118-131079-what-makes-a-great-21st-century-leader. [Accessed 28 Mar. 2017]. Dantzer, M. R. (2000). Leadership requirements in the 21st century: The perceptions of Canadian public sector leaders. Davis, H. L. (2012). Leadership Literacies for professional staff in universities (Doctoral dissertation, RMIT University). George, B. (2010). Leadership: The New 21st Century Leaders. Harvard Business Review. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2010/04/the-new-21st-century-leaders-1.html. [Accessed 28 Mar. 2017]. Longwell-McKean, P. C. (2012). Restructuring leadership for 21st century schools: how transformational leadership and trust cultivate teacher leadership (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, San Diego). Lorz, M. (2005). Discovering the 21st Century Leadership. University College Dublin, Graduate School of Business. Perrin, C., Daniels, S., Jefferson, K. C., Blauth, C., Marone, M., OSullivan, C., ... Moran, L. (2010). Developing the 21st-Century Leader. Retrieved On, 11(27), pp.2013. Saee, J.(2005). Effective leadership for the global economy in the 21ST century. Journal of business economics and management, 6(1), pp.3-11. Strock, J. M. (2010). Serve to Lead: Your Transformational 21st Century Leadership System. Serve to Lead Press. Streat, D. A. (2012). 21st Century Leadership: Complexity Collaboration. Tice, C. (2007). Leadership: Building the 21st Century Leader. Entrepreneur. [online] Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/173522. [Accessed 28 Mar. 2017].

Night Analysis of Dehumanization Essay Example

Night Analysis of Dehumanization Essay Demutualization in Night Night by Lie Wishes is a memoir that documents the story of a young Jewish boy named Likelier who was born in Sighed, Transylvania during World War II. The story begins in his hometown, where life is normal and calm before the storm. It quickly transitions into Nazi occupation, persecution, segregation in the form of ghettos, and eventually deportation to camps. As the Jewish people arrive at the camp known as Auschwitz, they are separated and many are immediately executed while the rest are sent off to work. The persecution does not simply end at hard work all day for the We will write a custom essay sample on Night Analysis of Dehumanization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Night Analysis of Dehumanization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Night Analysis of Dehumanization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jews, and as time goes on things become progressively worse for Likelier. The Nazis rip and tear at the humanity of Likelier throughout the book in an attempt to euthanize him. For most of the Jews in the camp the end is a physical death; however, what Likelier experiences at the end of the book is an internal death of himself. The AS soldiers achieve his internal death through segregation, mental abuse, and physical abuse that is so ingrained in the mind of the Likelier that it becomes a natural part of his existence, an everyday hell. As Haltering states, Night fines the nature and charts the consequences of a loss of faith in the protagonist, Likelier, as incident by incident, layer by layer, his trust in God and man is peeled away. It is this peeling down process which constitutes the essential structure of Night and enables us to see it as a whole (51). What Haltering means is that The Nazis goal is to euthanize Likelier. The Nazi soldiers successfully peel away at Lispers humanity through various forms and methods until Likelier dies on the inside. The first step towards dehumidifying Likelier is separating him from non-Jews. As he Jews are being placed inside the ghettos, Likelier observes, The barbed wire that encircled us like a wall did not fill us with real fear. In fact, we felt this was not a bad thing; we were entirely among ourselves (11). No fear can be seen in Lispers thoughts, although readers know there should be. Likelier is still unsuspecting of what was to come, and that is what allows him to be taken so easily. Had the Nazis taken the Jews all at once, The Jews would have struggled much more, especially if they knew what was coming. The Nazis took things slow so as to avoid an uprising, to maintain control. Later, to further pronounce the separation between the population into Jews and non-Jews, the Nazis force all of the Jews to wear yellow stars on their clothes. About the same time that the Jews are placed in ghettos, with a more nervous tone in his voice, Likelier ominously notes, Three days later, a new decree: every Jew had to wear the yellow star (11). The Nazis want to make it visibly known that the Jews are different. They force the yellow star on them so that anyone could know who was Jewish and who was not. Not only this, but also many decrees are set out that limit what people with the yellow star can do. By limiting Jews, the Nazis enforce a barrier between them and non-Jewish people. However, after all this segregation, and even someone within their community warning them of what to come, the Jews are still denying the inevitable. No one could really imagine, even in those rare cases where individuals came back and insisted that the deported were centers (Friedman 206). It is important to recognize the denial of what is about to happen, because much has yet to happen to the poor Jews of Sighed. For the coming weeks, the Jews would be abused and tortured not only physically, but mentally. To proceed in the demutualization of Likelier, the Nazis torment his mind with disturbing images, and crush his spirit. Fine notes, Once Likelier enters Auschwitz, he loses his sense of time and reality. Darkness envelops him and penetrates within: his spirit shrouded, his God eclipsed, the blackness eternal (49). A man who has no mind to think for himself, and no spirit to fight back is easier to control and abuse. In order for the Nazis to completely euthanize Likelier, they not only have to destroy his mind, they must also destroy his spirits. Just one of the disturbing images is when Likelier witnesses the burning of babies soon after his arrival in Auschwitz: Not far from us, flames, huge flames, were rising from a ditch. Something was being burned there. A truck drew close and unloaded its hold: small children. Babies! Yes, I did see this, with my own eyes Children thrown into the flames (32). Nothing imaginable could possibly be as horrifying as the immolation of infants. This image is such a blow to Lispers mind because it is not only the killing of the innocent; it is there to show Likelier how little life means in Auschwitz. Likelier is led to believe this so they o not value his own life, and therefore will not fight for it; in this way, the Nazis are crushing his spirit as well. While torturing of people he does not know still disturbs Likelier, the physical beating of his only friend in the camp, his father, does more than words or images ever could. Lispers father is beaten, and the fact that Likelier doesnt move to help his father scares him a little. Likelier eerily considers, l stood petrified. What had happened to me? My father had Just been struck, in front of me, and I had not even blinked. I had watched and kept silent (39). Lispers inability to eve demonstrates that the Nazis plan is working. They are successful so far as to even prevent him from standing up for his own father, the only person he knows in the camp. Had the Nazis beat his dad back in Sighed before they really started the torture, Likelier might have fought back, but now submission is the response he has. It scares him. One of the more indirect ways of crushing his spirit and mind was to take away his identity as a person, and give him a number for a name. Likelier depicts the scene with no emotion, and states it as if he does not care: The three veteran rissoles, needles in hand, tattooed numbers on our left arms. I became A-7713. From then on, I had no other name (42). This is the first time Likelier has been given a different name. To assign a number was more damaging because it represents an ordered system of storing things like apples, boxes, or other insignificant items. It puts Likelier in the mindset of not having anything to make him different from any other Jew. He now finds his identity in only numbers and the Nazis definition of a Jew. The torture of mind and loss of identity contribute greatly to his demutualization. After the Nazis have successfully stripped Likelier of his mind, they can truly now attack the only thing left in the process of demutualization, his body. The Nazis see that in order to destroy a mans humanity, they need to destroy the mind, spirit, and then the body. One of the ways they do this is to constantly malnourished Likelier. Bread and Soup became more important than anything because the Nazis starved Likelier. Of soup, my crust of stale bread. The bread, the soup those were my entire life. I was nothing but a body (52). Likelier confirms in the last sentence that the Nazis had tripped him of his mind and spirit that this body is the only thing he has left. The Nazis do not let him keep his body either, they continue to keep him malnourished the rest of his time, and cause many other physical pains over the course of the coming weeks. Aside from starving Likelier, they beat him senselessly on multiple occasions. Likelier remembers, One day when Ides was venting his fury, I happened to cross his path. He threw himself on me like a wild beast, beating me in the chest, on my head, throwing me to the ground and picking me up again, crushing me with ever more violent blows, until I was covered in blood (53). The Nazis have no regard for the body or the pain of Likelier. The Nazis persecute relentlessly, and are able to do so consistently without revolt or opposition. This is the final step in dehumidifying Likelier; after his mind and spirit were depressed to such a point so he would never question or challenge the Nazis, the physical abuse could begin. The Nazis first weaken Lispers body with malnourishment, and then beat him senselessly. As Wishes notes in his preface, Instead of sacrificing my miserable life and rushing to my fathers] side, showing him that he was not abandoned, I remained flat on my back, asking God to make my father stop calling my name, to make him stop crying. So afraid was I to incur the wrath of the AS (Wishes, Preface x). At first it appears as if Likelier cares about his father and does not want him to feel so defeated; however, the last sentence shows that Likelier does so only to get him to stop yelling, to silence his father a little so that the Nazis would not hurt Likelier. A normal person might not care of his or her own safety when a parent is being ordered, and would be there Just for the sake of pure care for his or her father. Instead, Likelier is a person who has lost that sense of care for another human being, and whose only motivation for helping him is so he himself is not beat. It is the Nazis constant threat of physical torture that suppress Likelier. In this way, the Nazis have now controlled the motivations of Likelier with his body. The Nazis not only starve and beat broken bodies, but they work them to the bone. Likelier remarks both on the beatings and the work, There followed terrible days. We received more blows than food. The work was crushing (77). The work now is Just one more thing that the Nazis have at their dispersal. The Nazis are good at pushing many to the point to death, but they are even better at finding out how much a person can take before they die and going a step back from that point to torture them that much longer. A starving body is weak; a broken body is weaker, so pushing them to this point can only be agonizing. After all Likelier experiences, his mind is under control, his spirit is crushed, and now his body has been broken. This total control over his body is crucial to his demutualization, and destruction of his soul. After the destruction of his soul, he is broken on the inside. He has experienced these atrocities, and the only people that he has left to hold him together inside are God and his father. So as to isolate Likelier, the Nazis succeed in killing God and his father. Likelier remarks his distrust in God after seeing the young boy being hanged, My eyes had opened and I was alone, terribly alone in a world without God, without man. Without love or mercy. I was nothing but ashes now, In the midst of these those in prayer like strangers. He does not see them as equals or as believers. He has owe been isolated from God, and in that way, the Nazis have taken away Lispers God, or at least made him question God. They leave him without a higher power or an all present being to rely on. This is especially important to the Nazis goal of total destruction because God is the one being that Likelier can rely when all human presence is gone. This forces him to put all of his faith in the present, in what is happening. The only person that he has left to cling to is his father. The Nazis know that the only way to finally destroy his soul is to strip him of all he loves and knows. He will be an empty body walking if they succeed. Likelier remembers, No prayers were said over his tomb. No candle lit in his memory. His last word had been my name (112). Now his father has been killed, never to be seen again. Likelier is now truly alone in the world, with only his broken body and a number left to him. The Nazis have succeeded in killing him. There is proof that he has died after he has been liberated from the camp. He looks at himself in the mirror, and all he sees is a dead corpse: One day when I was able to get up, I decided to look at myself in the error on the opposite wall. I had not seen myself since the ghetto. From the depths of the mirror, a corpse was contemplating me. The look in his eyes as he gazed at me has never left me (115). His death cannot be seen, except by him when he looks into the mirror. He still walks and breathes, but the inside is now missing from him. The Nazis succeeded in their ultimate goal of killing his soul while preserving the body that used to hold it. Through segregating him from non-Jews, torturing his mind and spirit, and nearly destroying his body, the Nazis succeed in peeling away his immunity. To be human is to be able to live, laugh, love, think, and be happy. In Auschwitz, the Nazis took away all ability to feel. They desensitizing them to horrific, awful sights that would haunt anyone for years. Likelier experiences the worst of what Auschwitz has to offer the prisoners. Most of the population died a horrible death, and their names were forgotten. However, for Likelier, he experienced an internal death. Night can best be defined as a negative Bloodcurdling [coming of age story], in which the character does not end up, as expected, fit for life in society, but on the monetary, a living dead, unfit for life as defined by his community (Vain 129).